 "Whoever wishes to foresee the future must consult the past; for human events ever resemble those of preceding times. This arises from the fact that they are produced by men who ever have been, and ever shall be, animated by the same passions, and thus they necessarily have the same results." Machiavelli The latest paintings, influenced by 1820-1960 maps of the Lower Don River, Toronto as well as the harbour, will explore the water content. We know Toronto to have been greatly influenced architecturally by industrial establishments which were inevitably creating industrial waste. In the 1860s and 70s, widespread adoption of stream power stimulated industrial expansion across the city. The existence of a growing industrial hub on the Lower Don, with its established benefits of affordable land and convenient rail and shipping access, provided the foundation for further industrial growth. (Making an Industrial Margin J Bonnell) Many factors contributed to physical changes in the Don Valley and marshlands; deforestation, soil erosion, water diversion for agricultural and industrial purposes. The years of waste and sewage disposal in the Don River and Lake Ontario included, and were not limited to CATTLE BYRES LIQUIDIZED CATTLE MANURE ANIMAL CARCASSES LIME FROM TANNING OPERATIONS CORROSIVE LYE FROM SOAPWORKS INDUSTRIAL BY-PRODUCTS SUCH AS GASOLINE ORGANIC WASTES SUCH AS ANIMAL OFFAL SEWAGE DISPOSAL BREWERY DISCHARGES WASTES FROM RENDERING PLANTS
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